Lionel  Charles  Dunsterville
Major-General, 1865 - 1946

STALKY'S  REMINISCENCES


1928. Reprinted 2006.

Paperback: 300 pages

Pomona Press. Paperback: 300 pages

ISBN-10: 1406794759

Reviewed by Patrick Killough



(1) biblio.com 09/05/2011

Would you recommend this book to other readers?  Yes.

review:

Why would an ageing American like me, with no military service, be eager to read a 1928 book named STALKY'S REMINISCENSES by a British Major-General named Lionel Charles Dunsterville (1865 - 1946)?

Because Dunsterville was the fictional Stalky in STALKY & Co., Rudyard Kipling's  tales of his school days at United Services College (USC)  at Westward Ho! on the North Devon Coast as the 1870s turned into the 1880s. And STALKY & CO. is one of my very favorites by Kipling!

Dunsterville is close to invaluable for

recollected background on recently (1874) founded USC,

for his own and Kipling's days and merry pranks there,

for the poor harvest of students by a school with no waiting list,

for the school's inevitable lack of tradition and the unruly confusion caused by its collection of masters from schools with clashing traditions

and for the greatness, seconded by Kipling and others, of founding Headmaster Cormell Price.

Dunsterville wrote of Kipling's portrayal of Dunsterville:

"Stalky himself was never quite so clever as portrayed in the book. ... But he represents ... the medium of one of the prevailing spirits of this most untypical school."

Of George Beresford (third member of STALKY & CO.) and Rudyard Kipling the author said:

"Beresford and I had our fair share of brains, but Kipling had a good deal more than his fair share, and added to it the enomous asset of knowledge -- intuitive and acquired" (Ch. 1, 'Childhood'). 

I began STALKY'S REMINISCENCES for Kipling. I continued for Dunsterville, for his humor, his avoidance of name dropping (not even wife and children are named) and for the author's impressive way of framing a long and distinguished miltary career in the Indian Army. Lionel Charles Dunsterville followed in the steps of his grandfather Dunsterville  (who served in the East India Company's formations) and father, both Major-Generals in the Indian Army.

From STALKY'S REMINISCENCES I learned

that Queen Victoria studied Urdu to communicate with her beloved Indian domestics and guards (Ch. 6, 'The Die-Hards'). 

A prodigious linguist (11 languages under his belt), Lionel Dunsterville is worth listening to on what makes a language unique:

"Every language has its own peculiar little song in quarters of semi-tones; and correct grammar, idiom, and pronunuciation help one very little towards perfection if one has not caught the song" (Ch. 10, 'Germany and Russia').

Running an allied railroad line near Peking during the Boxer Rebellion, Dunsterville cleverly foiled without violence a German attempt to annex a British plot near the railroad station.

"The matter got as far as being mentioned in Reuter's telegrams, and THE MORNING POST of Delhi referred to it under the heading

Stalky Holds Up The Germans'" (Ch. 13, 'Railway Work'). 

STALKY'S REMINISCENCES are a minor classic of low-key humor and depiction of Britons in war and peace. No wonder it has recently been reprinted.  -OOO-

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(2) lunch.com 09/05/2011

name of review:  "... bad people are not so very bad, and good people are not so very good"

rating: * * * * *

review:

Lionel Charles Dunsterville (1865 - 1946) entered United Services College (USC) at age ten and remained for seven years. Most boys entered such English public schools at age 14. From the first three chapters of Dunsterville's STALKY'S REMINISCENCES (1928, reissued 2006) we learn a great deal about USC. If you are like me, you care about United Services College at Westward Ho!, North Devon, near the village of Bideford for two intertwined reasons:

-- (1) Rudyard Kipling studied there 1878 to 1882;

-- (2) schoolboys Lionel Dunsterville, George Beresford and Joseph Rudyard Kipling constituted the "Co./Company" of STALKY & CO., Kipling's 1899 fictional recreation of his four school years at Westward Ho!
 
As readers of STALKY & CO. remember, Stalky is Lionel Dunsterville, M'Turk is George Beresford and Beetle is Kipling. We learn that all-but-blind-without-his-spectacles Kipling's nickname was "Giglamps" (or Gig-lamps), "Gigger" for short. A gig was a light one-horse, two-wheeled carriage. And a gig-lamp was a very bright oil-fueled lantern used on carriages out for nighttime spins. Typically each gig would mount two gig-lamps. Because of his weak eyes, "Gigger" Kipling was exempted from thrice-weekly sports, especially football and cricket.
 
STALKY & CO. is a series of episodes in which Stalky, M'Turk and Beetle ingeniously avenge perceived wrongs variously inflicted on themselves or others by teachers, other students or bullies. Each boy brought individual strengths to the united capers.

From his time as youngest, smallest, perhaps fattest boy at USC, Dunsterville had learned how to survive bullies through perpetual watchfulness and via rapidly executed manoeuvres. Beresford brought "subtle ingenuity" and talent as a detailed planner. Kipling was mature for his age, had an adult perspective. Writes Beresford:
 
"Nearly all our successes in our various schemes were based on simplicity. Things just seemed to come our way" (Ch. 3, 'Stalky & Co.')  

"Beresford and I had our fair share of brains, but Kipling had a good deal more than his fair share, and added to it the enormous asset of knowledge -- intuitive and acquired" (Ch. 1, 'Childhood').

Our earlier escapades were on the lines of simple buffoonery, but we soon evolved on to a higher plane of astute plotting on more intellectual lines, the essence of each plot being that it should leave our adversaries nothing to hit back at. The culmination of the plot was the appearance of the elusive criminals in the pleasing pose of injured innocence" (Ch. 1, 'Childhood, p. 26).
 
From remarks of the  amiable "Padre" in Kipling's fictional STALKY & CO., we also learn that the revenge sought by "the Company" invariably entailed a punishment fitting the crime. Years later in (STALKY & CO.'s last tale, "Slaves of the Lamp, Part II"), Beresford, Kipling and others recall during a school reunion the absent abroad on assignment Dunsterville's using some of their schoolboy days corporate ruses to save his troops from a massive ambush by two Afghan tribes. All the elements described above were displayed.
 
In the winter of 1900-1901, Dunsterville running an Allied railroad line in north China during the Boxer Rebellion, cleverly and using the approved techniques of Stalky & Co. diplomatically but effectively repulsed a German effort to annex a patch of ground near a key British rail terminal.

"The matter got as far as being mentioned in Reuter's telegrams, and THE MORNING POST of Delhi referred to it under the heading 'Stalky Holds Up The Germans'" (Ch. 13, 'Railway Work'). 

Already Dunsterville was known around the world to be the original of Kipling's Stalky.

As a rule Dunsterville simply recalls without adorning his selected episodes. But from time to time he probes the nature of boys and girls, of the human psyche and even religion. He found that his sisters could be as bad as boys, when not worse. And that by and large good people were not saints and bad people were not devils.

Some of his aphorisms:

-- "... one's nature cannot be wholly evil"    

" ... bad people are not so very bad, and good people are not so very good"  

-- (From warring religions he learned that) "nobody is ever entirely right, and one's opponents are often very far from wrong" (Ch. 3).
 
None of this hurt Dunsterville's long military career. A third-generation Major-General in the Indian Army, Lionel C. Dunsterville during the First World War fielded a small international group known as Dunster Force against Turkish efforts to seize the oil fields at Baku. Britain's allies the Russians were falling apart all around him, because of the deposition of Tsar Nicholas II.  

Lionel Dunsterville is a witty, low-key writer, no name dropper. I predict that if you begin STALKY'S REMINISCENCES merely to learn more about Kipling, you will happily continue it for the joy of probing the mind and style of Stalky/Dunsterville.  It is a model of one way any of us might write her own memoirs.
 
 
-OOO-

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(3) bn.com  09/07/2011

title of review:  "Stalky Holds Up The Germans,'": THE MORNING POST OF DELHI"

rating: * * * * *

review:

Posted 9/7/2011:

In January 1886, future Major-General Lionel Charles Dunsterville (1865 - 1946) spent two days in Lahore, Punjab with young newspaperman Rudyard Kipling (1865 - 1936). In STALKY'S REMINISCENCES (1928), Dunsterville wrote:

"Kipling was then living with his parents, while employed on the staff of the CIVIL AND MILITARY GAZETTE, and had already risen to fame as the author of many witty satires on Indian life. We were both twenty years of age and looking forward eagerly to what life might have to show us." (Ch. IV).

The youngsters had met in 1878 when 12-year old Rudyard entered the United Services School (USC), founded in 1874 by senior and retired British military officers as an affordable boarding school for their Anglo-Indian offspring. The school's first Head Master was Cormell Price, longtime friend of Rudyard's mother's family.

Lionel Dunsterville entered USC in 1875, registered as student number 10; Kipling was number 264. Lionel's father had enrolled him at USC at age 10, although most boys started public schools at age 14. Lionel was the youngest, most naive boy when he entered, probably the fattest, and was incessantly bullied. As a result he acquired such survival skills as wariness, cunning and fleetfootedness

The two friends had last seen each other four years earlier when 16-year old Rudyard Kipling left the north Devon coastal town of Westward Ho! to begin a journalistic career in India. Dunsterville went on to Sandhurst, was commissioned, served in Malta and Egypt and in 1886 was enroute to Rawal Pindi to rejoin his regiment.

In STALKY'S REMINISCENCES, Lionel added details about masters, staff and students of USC to Rudyard's 1899 fictional reminiscence, STALKY & CO.

Kipling's thinly disguised autobiographic sketches regale us with the capers of three friends: Stalky, M'Turk and Beetle, respectively Lionel Dunsterville, George Beresford and Rudyard Kipling. The boys studied and roamed the countryside together, read the same books, enjoyed the same school societies and contributed materials to Kipling, who edited the school newspaper. STALKY & CO. abounds in stories of revenge. In one instance, acting on a hint from their friend the school chaplain, the "Co./Company" afflict considerable pain on two loutish overage bullies for their mistreatment of a shy young newcomer.

In Kipling's story, "Slaves of the Lamp II," during a school reunion, Kipling and Beresford reminisce about absent, already legendary Dunsterville. Recently, on the Northwest Frontier, Dunsterville had employed strategy, tactics and wiles developed with his two friends at USC -- this time to play off two Afghan tribes one against another and save his own small force of Punjabis and Sikhs.

Dunsterville was publicly identfied as "Stalky" very early on. Thus, while in China fighting the Boxers in the winter of 1900 - 1901, Lionel ran a train line from Tienstin. Germans tried peacefully to "annex" some attractive railroad land considered British. They ran up the German flag and said that no power on earth dared remove it. Dunsterville put a fence around it and guarded it with Welsh Fusiliers. Dunsterville wrote: "The matter got as far as being mentioned in Reuter's telegrams, and THE MORNING POST of Delhi referred to it under the heading 'Stalky Holds Up The Germans'" (Ch. 13).

Dunsterville and Kipling remained lifelong friends.

-OOO-

recommended reading:

-- Richard Holmes - SAHIB: THE BRITISH SOLDIER IN INDIA

-- Rudyar Kipling - STALKY & CO.

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(4) amazon.com 09/08/2011

title of review: "Fix bayonets and charge!"

rating: * * * * *

review:

In 1928 appeared STALKY'S REMINISCENCES by retired British Indian Army Major-General Lionel Charles Dunsterville (1865 - 1946). In his Introduction, Dunsterville tells us that his intended audience was, originally,

"soldiers in India ... men who surely must be growing weary, after 12 years of novels, autobiographies and films, on the subject of the Great War."

I am not among the target readers of "soldiers serving in India." I am not even British. But I highly esteem and thoroughly enjoy STALKY'S REMINISCENCES.

I began the book to have my earlier insights into Rudyard Kipling's school days fleshed out by Dunsterville's recollections of the same time and place. For Dunsterville had,  in 1875, at age 10, entered  United Services College (USC) at Westward Ho, a failed golf resort on the cold, windy North Devon coast. 

Rudyard Kipling then spent four years (1878 - 1882) at USC and developed two great chums, Dunsterville and George Beresford. Dunsterville's memoirs' "Kipling-izing" was essentially done in the first three chapters of STALKY'S REMINISCENCES, though a two-day meeting of the two 20-year old friends in Lahore in January 1886 is briefly described (Ch. 4).

But I kept on reading STALKY'S REMINISCENCES even when it seemed unlikely that there would be any further talk of either young or adult Beetle/Kipling. Why did I do it?

Because the book is a perfect little masterpiece of a memoir: with carefully selected, sometimes deceptively trivial but revealing episodes. STALKY'S REMINISCENCES is low-key, humorous, tongue-in-cheek, skipping through the author's life: one of prodigious language learning (Pushtu, Punjabi, Russian, German and on and on). But mainly I found it a loving recollection of decades of service in by-gone British India, mostly in peacetime. The author's love of India's peoples, cultures and religions is never in doubt.

          Dunsterville and Kipling

I am currently about six months into a planned two year immersion in Joseph Rudyard Kipling (1865 - 1936), his life, ambience and works. Of those works, STALKY & CO. (1899) is an old, enduring favorite. Kipling wrote from living models, either personally experienced or heard about from others with their own face-to-face experiences. Kipling's sources have fed many an academic career by way of Master's theses and PhD-level research.

So when a known source like Lionel Dunsterville (USC student number 10) writes about his old school chum Kipling (USC student number 264), we Kipling lovers have little choice but to read STALKY'S REMINISCENCES.

Kipling wrote years earlier than Dunsterville. And his fictional yet autobiographical STALKY & CO. is a passel of stories about three British school boys: Stalky, M'Turk and Beetle. The originals were, respectively, Lionel C. Dunsterville, George Beresford and Joseph Rudyard Kipling. We see flashes of an eerily mature-before-his-time Kipling, muscular, near-sighted, able coolly to parry teachers' browbeatings that terrified others, master of satire, editor of the school paper, prodigious reader and possessed of 

"a good deal more than his fair share" of brains" (STALKY'S REMINISCENCES, Ch. 1).

          Dunsterville and British India

Dunsterville's book deliberately dwells on the humorous side of Britons and their insitutions, army and Empire. One thing that remains with me is Dunsterville's obvious love of and respect for the Indian and Afghan fighting men who served HM the Queen under him: his mostly Hindu Dogras, his Punjabis, Sikhs, Brahmins and others. Here are a couple of examples of the Dunsterville treatment:

-- A fussy Indian Army colonel insisted that a "notice board" go up for his troops to express their needs -- anonymously. One entry under "wanted" read, "A new Colonel" (Ch. 7).

-- Mauladad Khan, an Afridi tribesman, was a highly decorated heroic native Subadar-Major admired by and known not only to Lionel Dunsterville and to leading Generals but even to Queen Victoria who invited him to England. He was not, alas, big on parades, ceremonial, uniformity in uniforms or subtleties in tactics.

One day a British Major explained a new drill to Indian Officers. Mauladad then summed the lecture up: "In the attack there is only one thing to remember, and that is, "Fix bayonets and charge."

Once an inspecting General asked Mauladad what he would do if attacked on the flank or if surrounded and outnumbered. The Subadar-Major's reply to both questions: "Fix bayonets and charge." The General then had done with further questioning. In an aside to the regimental Colonel, the General remarked: "I believe if I asked him what he would do if I dared to disagree with him, he would reply  "Fix bayonets and charge" (Ch. 6).

Let me note in passing a helpful editorial feature of my copy of the 2006 Pomona Press re-issue of STALKY'S REMINISCENCES. Every right-facing (verso) page gives the Chapter Number of the spread being read. Very helpful that to reviewers. Would that it were a commoner practice!

Are you thinking of writing your own memoirs, but still looking for models? If you want to recount your life without a lot of name dropping or Weltschmerz, but with an eye often on the comical and ordinary, you might do worse than imitate STALKY'S REMINISCENCES.

-OOO-

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(5) epinions.com 09/09/2011.

Review Title: Stalky: From Fictional Boy to Real Major-General

Product Rating: * * * * *

Pros: A Major-General's school days with Kipling.
How Kipling's youthful friend became a man.

Cons: No maps of Devon, India, China, Mesopotamia.
Perhaps too much humor, too little analysis.

The Bottom Line: Begin STALKY'S REMINISCENCES for its first four chapters recollecting Dunsterville's schoolboy chum Rudyard Kipling.
Read the final 15 chapters for Dunsterville's wit, style, career and love of his Indian and Afghan troops.

aohcapablanca's Full Review: 

One day in 1901 the MORNING POST of New Delhi ran an article headlined "Stalky Holds Up The Germans." I read about the incident behind the headline in a moderately long literary gem entitled STALKY'S REMINISCENCES. As I type this review on a foggy Carolinas mountain morning I cannot but be admiring and say to myself: "once  a Stalky always a Stalky!" 

The holding up of the Germans took place in North China during the Boxer Rebellion. Britain was part of a six-nation international force sent to China to relieve a siege of the foreign legations. A 25 year-old British Indian Army officer named Lionel Charles Dunsterville was assigned to the Tientsin-Taku Railhead near the muddy mouth of the Pei Ho River. This was a Chinese rail line built with British money. And there was an old British commercial presence all along the river front.  

In 1891 Imperial Germany was out to dominate China's nearby Shantung Peninsula and had the boldness to stake out a very visible claim to British property under Dunsterville's very eyes. The easy-going Briton didn't mind their flags run up by night, judging they added color to a vista of drab mud flats. But the German claim simply had to be rejected. And yet the German Commandant said,

"that where once the German flag had flown no power on earth could effect its removal."

Not desiring war, Dunsterville simply built a stout cage around the flags "putting a guard of the Royal Welch (sic!) Fusiliers over the property" till, after arbitration, the German flags were removed. (Ch. 13, 'Railway Work' of STALKY'S REMINISCENCES). 

From the above three paragraphs you rightly infer that Dunsterville was Stalky. And who was Stalky? You may recall my August 14, 2011 epinions review of Rudyard Kipling's STALKY & CO. There I wrote:  

"In January 1878 an enduring friendship was formed among three 13-year old schoolboys of United Services College (USC) at Westward Ho! outside the town of Bideford, on the north Devon seacoast. The three boys were the future Nobel Prize winner for literature Joseph Rudyard Kipling, future Major General Lionel Dunsterville and new boy George Beresford, Kipling's closest friend.    

Each boy in later life looked back fondly on those school years and wrote them up as fiction or fact. Kipling told their story in STALKY & CO. (1899). In those tales group leader Dunsterville became 'Stalky,' Beresford 'M'Turk' and Kipling 'Beetle.'"  

I then mentioned that Lionel Dunsterville had also recalled those schoolboy hears in STALKY'S REMINISCENCES (1928).  A couple of weeks later the mail brought me  Dunsterville's REMINISCENCES and I devoured its first four chapters which cover Kipling's years at USC and a later (1888) two-day meeting of the two 20-year olds in journalist Kipling's Lahore. 

Lionel Dunsterville, like his grandfather and father before him, rose to Major-General rank in the Indian Army. He served in Malta, Egypt, India, China during the Boxer Rebellion and in World War I in France, Mesopotamia, Iran and Azerbaijan, in the last three areas leading the famed "Dunsterforce" warding off Turks and Germans from invading Afghanistan and thereby inciting risings against the Raj of British India. 

From the first paragraph above it is clear that in 1901 in North China and India, Lionel Charles Dunsterville was already widely known as "Stalky." Yet Kipling had for the first time described his schoolboy friend as a grown-up combat officer of the Indian Army in a May 1897 short story called, "Slaves of the Lamp (Part II)." There seemed to be a possible danger that Lionel Dunsterville the adult would forever be remembered as not much more than the daring "Stalky" of Kipling's fiction.  

Yet Lionel Dunsterville made a strong, creative later life for himself -- far beyond the initial literary boost and fictional tagging by his lifelong friend Kipling. Lionel became  an acknowledged leader of men, a low-key humorist, a prodigious linguist (certified in eleven languages including Pushtu and Punjabi), and, in retirement, a much published writer on military and other subjects. 

And yet. And yet ... the future, historical Major-General and Memoirist is all but forecast in Kipling's fictional STALKY & CO. For Schoolboys Dunsterville, Beresford and Kipling invented their own unique techniques of avenging perceived wrongs by masters or other students. Key elements of Stalky-ism were: letting the punishment fit the crime, careful planning and doing the deed in such a way that there was no slightest proof they were behind the revenge.

In a Kipling short story first published in May 1897, Stalky/Dunsterville is described by eye witness former school mates while he was out battling two Afghan tribes. Outnumbered, outgunned and running short of ammunition, Dunstervile put to good use the same techniques developed by the three friends at United Services College. In 2003 an anonymous READER'S GUIDE critic put it very well: 

"The message is clear - Stalkiness in war is built on Stalkiness at school." 

This review is already too long for me to add even two or three examples from STALKY'S REMINISCENCES of Dunsterville the man as also perpetual Stalky -- the inventive, ever nimble schoolboy described by Kipling. I predict that you will have great fun looking for traces of young "Stalky" as you read into the career, marriage and inter-cultural inter-actions of very attractive Lionel Charles Dunsterville. Test the ancient maxim: the boy is father to the man.

-OOO-

p.s. Lovers of Rudyard Kipling will join me in thanking PestySide Patsy for making STALKY'S REMINISCENCES reviewable for epinions.com.

Recommended: Yes!


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