Rudyard  Kipling

CAPTAINS  COURAGEOUS:

A  Story  of  the  Grand  Banks

(1897)

Adamant Media Corporation. 2000.
Paperback: 149 pages
ISBN-10: 0543895882

reviewed by Patrick Killough

(1) biblio.com

Would you recommend this book to other readers?  Yes. * * * * *

review:

Rudyard Kipling spent four years (1892 - 1896) at home in Vermont with his American wife Carrie and their young family. There, in 1896, he wrote CAPTAINS COURAGEOUS: A STORY OF THE GRAND BANKS. It was first serialized then appeared in book form, with many revisions from the manuscript -- which is still preserved. Much background Kipling derived from a local doctor with hands on fishing experience three decades earlier. Together the two friends visited harbors of Boston and Gloucester to speak with fishermen, boat owners and sea captains.

This is mainly the story of a few months (late May-late August) aboard a fishing boat in the life of Harvey Cheyne, age 15. When we first see him, Harvey is quick-witted, neglected by his immensely wealthy, generally absent railroad tycoon father, and beyond the control of his adoring, neurotic, underappreciated mother. Mother and son are steaming across the Grand Banks toward schooling for the latter in Europe. Harvey intrudes himself into the evening relaxation of male passengers and makes a pompous pest of himself. Given a never before tried cigar to replace his cigarette, he becomes sick, staggers out on deck, falls into the sea and is given up by his mother for drowned.

Harvey's fall is, however, seen by Manuel, a Portuguese cod fisherman alone in a small dory. Harvey comes to consciousness on top of a pile of Manuel's fish, is delivered to the 70-ton fishing schooner We're Here owned by Captain Disko Troop. As soon as he is able, Harvey arrogantly demands that Troop sail him at once to New York where Harvey's father will lavishly recompense the Captain and crew of the We're Here. As Harvey continues to insist, Captain Troop, judging the boy's tale of wealth either a lie or a product of involuntary delirium, gets Harvey's attention by bloodying his nose. Instantly, Harvey is transformed. Out with the old, in with the new. 

Inspired and encouraged by the Captain's empathetic 16 year old son Daniel Troop, Harvey pitches in, day and night after day and night doing his rishing share of work till reunited with his parents in Gloucester in late August. Sensing Harvey's keen intellect, Captain Troop teaches him to use the sextant and to record ship's finances. In later years, as soon as Harvey graduates from college, he takes over management of the fleet of speedy tea merchantmen that his father had just acquired at novel's beginning. And Dan, Harvey's greatest chum, rises to become skipper of one of the finest clippers in that fleet.

Sounds simple, right? Just for kids? Wrong!

Kipling wrote an anything but shallow novel of America's immigrant past (the thousand multi-national fishing boats on the Grand Banks) and Gilded Age cutthroat capitalist future then emerging. The two principal captains of CAPTAINS COURAGEOUS are sea captain Disko Troop and land captain, railroad tycoon, Harvey Cheyne, Senior. The episode in which Mr and Mrs Cheyne are whisked at record-breaking speed from California to Boston in a private car on a private train across lands until recently only sparsely inhabited by Indians is one of the most celebrated passages in railroad fictional literature

Moreover, symbolism abounds in this tale of a young man's quasi-religious conversion. Wretched young Harvey will either be drowned by the sea or saved by it. If his falling off the steamer and rescue by a fisherman is his baptism by sea water, then his confirmation in his new, higher life, comes soon after, via the bloody nose administered by Captain Troop -- reminiscent of a bishop's symbolic tap on the cheek when the sacrament is administered.

CAPTAINS COURAGEOUS is a stronger, deeper book than a quick reading might make you think. I therefore recommend that you read or consult a scholarly edition with explanatory notes.  -OOO-

http://www.biblio.com/books/357317918.html
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(2) lunch.com

name of review: "captains courageous ... And the foremost in battle was Mary Ambree." (Elizabethan Ballad)

rating: * * * *

review:

In 1896 British Rudyard Kipling, his American wife Carrie and their two little girls lived in a house that Rudyard named Naulakha near Brattleboro, Vermont. Their local doctor, James Conland, loved to regale them with tales of his days working on a schooner just after the American Civil War. These sea tales inspired Kipling to begin CAPTAINS COURAGEOUS in February 1896. Three months later Copland was Kipling's guide on a fact-gathering visit to the ports of Boston and Gloucester/Cape Ann. Before the end of the year, CAPTAINS COURAGEOUS was being serialized in an American magazine, and went between book covers in 1897, after no few textual changes by the author.

Allow me do three things in this review:

-- (1) Sketch highlights of the novel's plot;

-- (2) Meditate on the novel's title;

-- (3) Hint at the depths and complexities of this ostensibly simple, straightforward sea yarn.

(1)  Highlights of the novel's plot


Harvey Cheyne, Sr., self-made railroad tycoon based in California, is worth $30 million. He and his wife have one son, also Harvey, aged 15. From time to time Sr. wishes he spent more time with Jr. who is, alas, left to the care of a doting but ineffectual mother. At novel's beginning, it is late May and mother and son are aboard a steam packet off the Grand Banks en route to Europe and a new school for spoiled, arrogant, lonely, but highly intelligent young Harvey. Having a sick reaction to his first cigar, Harvey hangs over the steamer's railing and a gentle swell washes him overboard into a fog-covered sea. His mother thinks he is drowned. But Manuel, a Portuguese cod fisherman, alone in his dory, sees the mishap, rows over and pulls unconscious Harvey onto his load of nearly dead fish.

Taken to the 70-ton mother fishing schooner, the We're Here, of Gloucester, Cape Ann, Massachusetts, Harvey demands that schooner owner and skipper Captain Disko Troop immediately break off his just beginning fishing season and take the lad to New York where his father will lavishly compensate Captain Troop.

The answer is no, punctuated with a bloody nose for Harvey which immediately brings him to his senses. For the next few months young Cheyne takes his cues from 16 year old Daniel Troop, from the skipper's brother, Uncle Salters Troop, from Manuel, the other half dozen fishermen and from the schooner's Gaelic-speaking black cook, who is also something of a seer into the future. Harvey works hard and earns his way into the crew's respect and by fishing season's successful end in late August, back in home port Gloucester, has become an enthusiastic member of a working brotherhood of the sea.

A telegram brings Harvey's parents flying across the continent aboard a private train and the futures of Harvey and his by now best friend Dan Troop are discussed and agreed to.
(2) The novel's title

In early 1892 Rudyard Kipling entitled an article analyzing businessmen as new-model conquistadores ''Captains Courageous." That title came from a well-known Elizabethan ballad, "Mary Ambree," about English participation in a siege of Ghent in the Spanish Netherlands  which began

   "When captains courageous, whom death could not daunte,
   Did march to the siege of the city of Gaunt,
   They muster'd their souldiers by two and by three,
   And the foremost in battle was Mary Ambree."


Rudyard Kipling had a prodigious memory and sense of evocativeness. He would not have picked a title simply for its catchy rhythm. The original ballad was of a woman amazon, a later version of Joan of Arc. Yet CAPTAINS COURAGEOUS is a novel all about men and boys, especially of male bonding. There are only two fairly prominent female characters, the nervous, wealthy mother of  Harvey Cheyne and the steady middle class mother of Daniel Troop, no battlers they. Can women possibly be CAPTAINS COURAGEOUS?

Let me delay an answer till the end of the review.
(3) Depths and complexities
in CAPTAINS COURAGEOUS


In responding to early critics of CAPTAINS COURAGEOUS, Kipling agreed that he had made the United States of the robber baron Gilded Age look like "a steamer underengined on its own length." For he was writing a novel of America's past (non-steam powered fishing fleets), its Gilded Age present symbolized by Mr. Cheyne, ruthless but uneducated railroad baron and one-time Texan) and America's selfish entrepreneurial future to be made more effective by higher edcuation (young Harvey and his friend Dan Troop). If only Kipling had lived to the age when M.B.A.s ruled Wall Street and the second President Bush was the first holder of an earned M.B.A. to occupy the White House!

And to express all this through the ostensibly boys adventure tale, CAPTAINS COURAGEOUS, Kipling admitted that he had been forced to alter his style and lay on thickly allegory, parable and metaphor.

Clearly enough, the story of young Harvey Cheyne is a story of a boy's virtually instant "conversion" in values, attitudes and haughty attitude toward common people. The waters of the Atlantic would either drown him or lift him to a new life, either deliver him to hell or baptize him. Harvey's second, follow-on sacrament was the bloody nose delivered for his insolence by Captain Troop -- reminiscent of a bishop's gentle slap on the cheek when administering Confirmation. The convert to righteousness must expect to be buffeted for his new creed.

The famous cross country train trip of Mr and Mrs Cheyne from California to Massachusetts is made to resemble ocean travel.

And what of the title itself, "Captains Courageous?" It is clear which males are captains: sea captain Toop, land captain Mr Cheyne and future captains Harvey and, in a smaller middle class sphere, 16-year old Daniel Troop. Disko Troop is one of very few fishing captains who own their own boats. He is a capitalist.

But what of the women? Are they also the "captains courageous of valour so bold" of the old ballad "Mary Ambree?" The answer has to be yes. But that answer must be dug out.

Mrs Cheyne is held in awe by the simple fisherfolk that meet her and are thanked by her for rescuing her son. She personally waits on them at table in her train's dining car. Captain Troop's wife has already lost one son to the sea. At the annual commemoration service of the more than one hundred dead fishermen, the grieving widows and orphans are showcased. The surviving women must now captain the families left behind.

BOTTOM LINE: do not underestimate CAPTAINS COURAGEOUS. It is a novel of American adults; their strengths and weaknesses during the wealth-creating Gilded Age. It is also a novel of how men help boys transition to manhood through hard shoulder-to-shoulder work. And it is also a tale of the unsung sacrifices made by the women whose men "go down to the sea in ships."

-OOO-


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Captains_Courageous-74-1514853-214223-_captains_courageous_
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(3) bn.com  10/15/2011

title of review: A Monastic Fishing Schooner Initiates a 15-year old Boy into a Fellowship of the Sea

rating: * * * *

review:

Students of Nobel Prize winning writer Rudyard Kipling warn us not to write off his 1897 sea novel CAPTAINS COURAGEOUS as a mere boys adventure yarn. True, 15 year old Harvey N. Cheyne is a boy and he has adventures, beginning with falling into the sea on the Grand Banks, being rescued more dead and alive, then spending three months learning to be a Yankee fisherman.

But Kipling has told us that he was attempting something new: a sea story rich in allegory, parable and metaphor. One dimension is religion. One might even detect several Christian themes: baptism, confirmation, spriitual rebirth, and a seagoing monastic brotherhood of (temporarily) celibate males which young Harvey enters as a novice.

Consider this: the tale begins with Harvey lazy, friendless, pampered, spoiled, insolent, largely ignored by his busy father and undermanged by his nerve-stricken mother. His wealthy father is a Western railroad tycoon, a landman. Harvey falls without pain into a foggy sea from the deck of a liner taking his mother and himself to Europe. The sea will either kill him or make him a man. Portuguese sailor Manuel sees Harvey fall, drags him unconscious into his dory. BAPTISM!

Once aboard the two-masted, 70-ton fishing schooner the We're Here of Gloucester, Cape Ann, Massachusetts, and still feeling the Old Nick within him, Harvey imperiously demands that boat owner and skipper Captain Disko Troop abandon a whole season fishing the Banks and take Harvey immediately to New York. where the boy's father will more than amply compensate the We're Here for the rescue and speedy return of Cheyne Senior's sole heir.

Crusty but kindly Captain Troop sees two possible explanations for the youngster's impolite behavior: either he is a liar or he is delirious. Sensing a spark of good in his uninvited guest, Troop gives Harvey a bloody nose -- for his own good. It works! Harvey, a bright young man, sees what he is up against and "accepts the universe" as it shall be for the next months. Troop's punch to Harvey's nose evokes the kindly, symbolic slap that a bishop gives a youngster when conferring Christian CONFIRMATION.

But Captain Troop is more than a bishop. He is also abbot of a small, self-contained floating MONASTERY inhabited by eight celibate males, of whom six are adults. And, as soon as Harvey decides not to sulk or pull rank, but accept his baptism into temporary life at sea, the We're Here accepts him as a novice. His fellow novice, or apprentice if you prefer, is young Dan Troop, the Captain's son and nephew to Uncle Salters Troop, who owns a quarter share of the schooner and would like to think he plays prior to his brother's abbot. And all the crew soon accepts Harvey as a (Grand) "banker" like themselves.
 -OOO-
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http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/captains-courageous
-a-story-of-the-grand-banks-rudyard-kipling/1100650829?
ean=9781595476203&itm=4&usri=kipling%2b-%2
bcaptains%2bcourageous

or

http://my.barnesandnoble.com/communityportal/
review.aspx?reviewid=1912749


(4) amazon.com  10/17/2011

title of review: Harvey's Shipmates Did Not Include Hercules


rating: * * * *

review:

In 1944 prolific British writer Robert Graves issued an historical sea adventure tale, THE GOLDEN FLEECE, renamed a year later for an American edition, HERCULES, MY SHIPMATE. Rudyard Kipling had anticipated Graves 47 years earlier with CAPTAINS COURAGEOUS, a sea adventure story set on the GRAND BANKS off Newfoundland. CAPTAINS COURAGEOUS lacks the rich mythic, heroic dimensions of HERCULES, MY SHIPMATE.

Even so, CAPTAINS COURAGEOUS is a moving story of America's rapidly vanishing East Coast past (the 70-ton fishing schooner We're Here), its rapacious Gilded Age present (the young hero's West Coast father, immensely wealthy in railroads, timber and the China trade) and its M.B.A future in which wealth depends as much as if not more on education or technology than on entrepreneurship.

In its plot and structure CAPTAINS COURAGEOUS looks disarmingly like nothing more than a straightforward boys adventure tale. Indeed, 15 year old Harvey N. Cheyne is a spoiled, insolent but clever boy and he does have adventures, beginning with falling into the sea from a passenger liner off the Grand Banks, being rescued more dead and alive, then spending three months growing up fast to be a decent Yankee fisherman.

Kipling himself said that he had uncharacteristically filled his novel (subtitled A STORY OF THE GRAND BANKS) with allegory, parable and metaphor. The religious tone is obvious: invoking baptism and rebirth from the sea, confirmation by a bloody nose applied by bishop/abbot Captain Disko Troop and life, as a novice in a floating, cod fishing monastery of dedicated celibate (for a few months) males.

Neither Hercules, of course, nor the other 83 known ancient heroes of the Argonauts, were among the nine fishing monks of the We're Here, home port Gloucester, Cape Ann, Massachusetts. But that two-masted schooner contained eight older males who quickly accepted young Harvey N. Cheyne and taught him all they knew of maritime and fishing skills and shared their religious beliefs and sea lore generously with him.

In order of appearance in CAPTAINS COURAGEOUS, Harvey's shipmates are
-- (1) Manuel, the Catholic Portuguese fisherman who saw Harvey fall into the fog-covered sea and laid him atop the heap of dying fish in his dory.

-- (2) 16-year old Daniel Troop, the Captain's son. As he tells Harvey as the latter comes to after a long first sleep below deck, Dan had signed on to his seventh season's voyage as "second boy." "First boy" had been 20-year old Otto Svendson, who drowned a few weeks earlier during a storm at sea.

-- (3) Short, clean-shaven Captain Disko Troop.

Thinking Harvey crazy for his insolent and repeated demands for Disko to abandon the fishing season and take him at once to New York, Troop snaps Harvey to realistic attention to the small floating world he must function in through a blow to the nose. After Harvey apologizes, his hand is shaken by Troop's eleven inch paw.

The Captain offers the boy fair wages, teaches him to use the sextant and makes him bookkeeper of the We're Here. Troop at some level becomes for a few weeks the father Harvey never had while Cheyne Senior was too busy fighting for his immense fortune. To Captain Troop it was an act of Divine Providence that Harvey who had improbably fallen into the sea during a dead calm, was now aboard to replace an older boy who had also fallen into the sea -- during a gale -- and had not survived.

(4) The "huge jet black negro cook, "Doctor." Harvey first heard of the cook from Daniel as one who did "not count" as a witness to unconscious Harvey's arrival on board the We're Here. He hails from Cape Breton in Nova Scotia, a haven for run-away slaves in the American Civil War thirty years earlier. Doctor's preferred language is Scots Gaelic.

As a half dozen dories row in to the We're Here for the hungry men's supper, Dan describes to Harvey:

(5) Pennsylvania Pratt, once Jacob Boller, for the past four years an amnesiac because of grief at seeing wife and children killed in the 1889 Johnstown flood.

(6) Long Jack, "with the humpy shoulders," a Galway Irishman, living in South Boston. He calls Captain Disko Troop "Discobolus."

(7) Tom Platt. Formerly serving in the Civil War on the USS Ohio. Tom sings a lot. Has scars. Tells story upon story of his glory days on a man-o'-war.

(8) Uncle Salters Troop, the Captain's brother. Owns 1/4 of the We're Here. Brings bad luck everywhere. A "fat and tubby little man," Uncle Salters is the kind-hearted self-appointed keeper of the addled, almost helpless Pennysylvania Pratt.

On his first full day aboard the schooner, Harvey joins the crew in gutting and salting a large load of cod. Then he and Dan stand first night watch. At 10:00 p.m. their relief, Pennsylvania, finds them, despite good will, both sound asleep.

The first two chapters of CAPTAINS COURAGEOUS have now been told. And the crew settles down to eight more chapters and many weeks of back-breaking but successful fishing.

In the end Harvey is reunited with his parents, who cannot believe the change in the erstwhile sissified, lazy young dandy. And Gaelic-speaking Doc, blessed with second sight, has signed on as young Harvey's valet for life.

There was no Hercules aboard the We're Here. But this was a grand tale for all that! Work is what men are all about. And young Harvey is now a man.

-OOO-

http://www.amazon.com/Captains-Courageous-
Rudyard-Kipling/dp/1444418610/ref=sr_1_4?s=
books&ie=UTF8&qid=1318848027&sr=1-4
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(5) epinions.com 10/20/2011

Review Title:  "a multi-millionaire, like any other working man, should keep abreast of his business"

Product Rating:

PROS: 1890s America's sailing vessel past, Gilded Age present and MBA future. Told as one boy's adventure.

CONS: Much 19th Century sailing and fishing jargon. Harvey's and parents' stories too neatly separated.

BOTTOM LINE:  Is CAPTAINS COURAGEOUS a mere sea adventure of a spoiled rich boy? Or is it an allegory of America's vanishing past, Gilded Age present and education powered capitalistic future?
aohcapablanca's Full Review:

Let me be clear: I am not reviewing a voice recording of Rudyard Kipling's 1897 novel, CAPTAINS COURAGEOUS. Before me lies the Oxford University Press, Oxford World Classics, 1995 paperback. It is edited and introduced by Kipling scholar Leonee Ormond, and ends with 25 pages of Explanatory Notes. The latter are indispensable for the fishermen's nautical language, if for nothing else. Or perhaps you are already familiar with "skelped," "stern-becket" or "roding." All that this edition lacks to be completely user-friendly is a good, detailed map of the mighty cod fishing triangle, 350-miles on each side, the Grand Banks off Newfoundland, where most of the action takes place.

CAPTAINS COURAGEOUS fascinates movie makers.Two of the three screen versions to date are now reviewable by epinionators and the earliest has already been written up.

That is the 1937 feature film for which Spencer Tracy won best actor award portraying Manuel, the Madeira fisherman who fished railroad heir Harvey Cheyne, Jr. out of the foggy late May sea after the sea sick boy had fallen off an ocean liner racing through the Grand Banks. Freddy Bartholomew played Harvey opposite the schooner captain's son Dan, acted by Mickey Rooney. Both boys as described by Rudyard Kipling were at least 15, but in the movie were 12. In my opinion, the best part of this black and white film is its in-your-face sense of hard back-breaking work done by the crew of the schooner We're Here and of the mountains of fish that they harvested.

There are two more recent made-for-television versions:

(1) 1977: Karl Malden plays Captain Disko Troop, Ricardo Montalban is Manuel. This screen adaptation is generally considered the closest of the three to Kipling's text; 

(2) 1995: starring Robert Ulrich as Captain Troop. In the novel young Harvey has both parents living and vital to the plot. By contrast, in the 1995 TV version, Harvey is a full orphan and is more or less adopted at novel's end by the Troop family of Gloucester, Massachusetts. Visible fish are few and far between. But then, in reality, codfish were, nearly a century after Kipling wrote CAPTAINS COURAGEOUS, increasingly scarce in the over-fished North Atlantic.

Elsewhere I have compared young Harvey's transformation and rebirth by water to Christian baptism, the bloody nose given him by Captain Troop to bring him to his senses to a bishop's symbolic slap on the cheek at confirmation. That blow enables Harvey's first step from pampered, self-absorbed, lonely boyhood through three months of hard work fishing into young manhood when the 70-ton We're Here returns fully laden to its home port of Gloucester, north of Boston. I also see flashes of Jason and the Argonauts in the novel's male fellowship of the sea. The We're Here strikes me, in addition, as a floating monastery in which Captain Disko is the abbot, his brother and co-owner Uncle Salters Troop is monastic prior and the other five adults are all religious and are eagerly imitated role models for young Harvey (15) and Dan Troop (16), the latter making his seventh annual summer voyage with his father.

CAPTAINS COURAGEOUS is not long, has only ten chapters. The first two chapters tell of Harvey's rescue and introduces the very three-dimensional brotherhood of the We're Here. Keep your eye on "Doctor" MacDonald, the vessel's coal black, Scots Gaelic speaking, future-foreseeing cook! None aboard the We're Here  believes the youth's stories of his father's $30 million fortune, but all give him high marks for buckling down to a season's fishing.

You should if at all possible read an annotated edition of CAPTAIN'S COURAGEOUS for its many place names, literary allusions and especially for its sea and fishing jargon. Kipling brings to life an already, in his day, vanishing world of Grand Banks fishing from sailing vessel mother ships and rowed dories. The characters work like dogs, sing when bad weather prevents work, spin yarns and literally teach Harvey "the ropes." The original role of "the booby hatch" or "booby on the hatch" may also be of interest to you.

At the end of Chapter Eight it is late August, the We're Here is the first of the 100 Grand Banks fishing vessels to return home on a Friday night with a very profitable load of fish.

Chapter Nine begins,

"Whatever his private sorrows may be, a multi-millionaire, like any other working man, should keep abreast of his business."

On Saturday morning a telegram signed Harvey N. Cheyne reaches Harvey Cheyne, Senior, at his mansion in San Diego. At 9:05 p.m. the following Wednesday, Junior meets his father Harvey and mother Constance (the latter prostrated and nearly dead with grief a week earlier), as their luxurious 70-foot long private train car, "the Constance," pulls into Boston -- after a record-breaking coast to coast run. During the night, all three Cheynes are carried by rail in the Constance, to Gloucester, where Junior has a few final bookkeeping and fish tallying chores to do before receiving the second half of the $30 he earned at sea that memorable summer.

Mrs Cheyne enchants Harvey's shipmates as she insists on serving them a delicious meal personally aboard the Constance. Though a stout Unitarian, Constance richly endows the Catholic church of Portuguese Manuel who had pulled Harvey from the sea. 

Father and son bond for the first time in their lives. If he works hard in college, Harvey will be given ownership of his father's six clippers plying in the tea trade between San Francisco and Yokohama. And young Daniel Troop accepts a career working his way up towards captain on one of those clippers.

Captain Troop, Manuel and the crew of the We're Here represent America's moribund sailing vessel PAST. The life story of Harvey Cheyne, Senior, told for the first time -- to his son, at that -- coincides with the birth of America's "New West," as a Texas boy orphaned before the Civil War claws his uneducated way from nothing to a dominant position in railroads, lumber, real estate and sea trade. All that the dominant males of Mark Twain's "Gilded Age" need to dominate America forever is for the heirs of its founders, like young Harvey, to earn a good degree from Leland Stanford, Jr. university and for their heirs in turn to earn Harvard M.B.A.s. 

Kipling does not paint a pretty picture of the male-dominated Gilded Age of American Robber Barons. (Mother Constance is firmly excluded from the only-for-males "business" discussions of her husband and son.) And America's future will only grow more unjust as the rapacious, condescending economic elite deliberately add formal education to their entrepreneurial tool kit.

In my opinion, CAPTAINS COURAGEOUS, deserves your serious attention both for its literary craft and as a perceptive Englishman's commentary on what America was on the way to becoming. In this respect, CAPTAINS COURAGEOUS is frequently compared with HUCKLEBERRY FINN. You will find yourself, as have both I and the moviemakers, making your own personal interpretation of this ostensibly simple "boys adventure tale of the sea."

-OOO-

Recommended: Yes


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